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Thinkers
Thinkers whose arguments, critiques, and frameworks shaped major intellectual debates.
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BY ERA
Twentieth century · 1901–2000 · 3 FIGURES IN THIS ERA
Twentieth-century secular humanism
Corliss Lamont
Popularized secular humanism as a naturalistic philosophy of ethics, democracy, and human welfare.
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Paul Kurtz
Built major institutions for secular humanism, skepticism, and naturalistic ethics.
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Simone de Beauvoir
Analyzed womanhood as historically constructed and made existentialist philosophy central to feminist theory.
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