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Philosophers
Philosophers associated with metaphysics, ethics, logic, knowledge, and human meaning.
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Nineteenth century · 1801–1900 · 3 FIGURES IN THIS ERA
Nineteenth-century philosophy
Friedrich Nietzsche
Diagnosed the cultural consequences of the decline of Christian belief and challenged inherited moral frameworks.
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Karl Marx
Linked religion to social and economic alienation within a broader materialist critique of society.
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Ludwig Feuerbach
Argued that theology projects human qualities onto God, influencing modern atheist and humanist critiques.
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