Do the sun and the moon each move in an orbit?

CLAIM № 07ASTRONOMYSŪRAT AL-ANBIYĀ'Aligned

Primary source

وَهُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ ۖ كُلٌّ فِي فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ

"And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; all [heavenly bodies] in an orbit are swimming."

Qur'an 21:33 · trans. Saheeh International

Independent findings

The moon orbits the earth; the sun — far from fixed — orbits the galactic centre at roughly 230 km/s, a twentieth-century measurement. Classical exegesis read falak as a rounded course in the sky, which the apparent motion already satisfies. The verse is true on either reading, but the galactic reading is not linguistically forced — so the record is stamped ALIGNED: the fit is real, and nothing more is claimed.

[11] Binney & Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics · al-Ṭabarī, Jāmiʿ al-bayān ad 21:33

PROVENANCE: manuscript → Ḥafṣ transmission → 1924 Cairo edition✓ text unchanged

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