Every people was sent a messenger (Qur'an 16:36), and a Muslim must believe in all of them — Abraham, Moses, and Jesus included. Jews and Christians are the People of the Book, invited to a common word: worship God alone (Qur'an 3:64). Islam holds itself to be the one path God accepts (Qur'an 3:85), yet forces it on no one (Qur'an 2:256) and owes kindness and justice to all who live in peace (Qur'an 60:8).
Often critical of organized religion; coexists with science.
Distinct from atheism (denial) and theism (affirmation); compatible with both as a knowledge claim.
Shares roots with Judaism; recognizes some prophets in common with Islam.
Foundational to Christianity and Islam.
Generally tolerant, often syncretic with local traditions.
Often inclusive; sees other paths as valid routes to truth.
Recognizes one universal God across traditions.
Sometimes welcomed by religions seeking freedom; sometimes opposed as anti-religious.
Influences liberal democracy, education, science.
Often in tension with nationalism, traditionalism, socialism.
Engages with liberalism, Marxism, religion (in tension or alliance).
Can ally with religion or oppose universalist ideologies (liberalism, Marxism).
THE SAME WORDING, PUT TO EVERY WORLDVIEW — EACH ANSWERS IN ITS OWN TERMS, IN ITS STRONGEST FORM
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