The claim, in the first person
Among the claimed candidates, one speaks in the first person, in a text whose preservation can be tested: "Indeed, I am Allah; there is no god except Me, so worship Me" (Qur'an 20:14). The claim is not raised on His behalf by later councils; it is the voice of the text itself, repeated from its first chapter to its last.
The name and its lineage
In Aramaic — the Semitic language widely spoken in Palestine and Syria at the start of the common era — the name of God appears as Alāhā (ܐܠܗܐ), almost identical in sound to the Arabic Allah. It was the word Jesus (ʿĪsā) and his disciples used in prayer, and Syriac Christian liturgy still calls upon God as Alaha to this day. "Allah" is not an isolated or later Arabic invention, but part of a much older Semitic continuity in how humanity addressed the Creator.
The attributes, matched
Hold the self-description against what reason established. Uncreated and eternal — "He is the First and the Last" (57:3). Self-sufficient — "Allah, the Eternal Refuge; He neither begets nor is born" (112:2–3). All-knowing — "He knows what is before them and what is behind them" (2:255). All-powerful — "over all things competent" (2:20). One — "Say: He is Allah, One" (112:1). Point by point, the candidate's own words claim exactly the attributes the uncaused origin must have.
The greatest name
Beyond the known names, the tradition speaks of the Ism al-Aʿẓam — the Greatest Name. Its exact identity is concealed; the Prophet ﷺ indicated that whoever calls upon Allah by it is answered. Scholars have differed — some say it is Allah itself, others Al-Ḥayy al-Qayyūm — and the concealment serves a purpose: divine knowledge has depths beyond human reach, and sincerity, humility, and faith may matter more than the precise wording of the call.