Atheism Figures
Five figures who shaped explicit critiques of theism, religion, and supernatural explanation.
5 profilesAtheism Figures
Baron d'Holbach
D'Holbach made atheism and materialism public philosophical positions in eighteenth-century Europe.
- Birth
- 1723 CE
- Region
- Western Europe
Ludwig Feuerbach
Feuerbach reframed religious belief as human self-alienation and projection.
- Birth
- 1804 CE
- Region
- Central Europe
Friedrich Nietzsche
Nietzsche became a major critic of religion, morality, metaphysics, and modern culture.
- Birth
- 1844 CE
- Region
- Central Europe
Bertrand Russell
Russell connected technical philosophy with public criticism of religion and dogma.
- Birth
- 1872 CE
- Region
- Britain
Karl Marx
Marx influenced atheist and secular political thought through his critique of religion and social power.
- Birth
- 1818 CE
- Region
- Western Europe